酒文化的英文参考文献与中西方酒文化比较参考文献

1、中西方酒文化参考文献

周景勤. 文化营销——酒文化面面观[J]. 出版参考 , 2006,(32) 从跨文化交际的角度解读中西方酒文化 万晓艳 甘肃科技纵横 2009/03 酒仙气质与酒神精神——中西方酒文化比较 巩玉丽 康定民族师范高等专科学校学报 2008/02本回答由网友推荐

2、我是英语专业的，毕业论文准备写美国酒文化方面的，应该写些什么呢？最好帮我将这个题目再细化一下！！！

　　1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。　　2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）　　3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。　　4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。　　主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。　　5、论文正文：　　（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。　　〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：　　a.提出-论点；　　b.分析问题-论据和论证；　　c.解决问题-论证与步骤；　　d.结论。　　6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。　　中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：　　（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。　　（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。本回答由网友推荐美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、的鸡尾酒、的威士忌和葡萄酒。啤酒有淡啤酒和浓啤酒之别；包装采用瓶装、的听装和壶装。鸡尾酒和“混合饮料”含有很浓的酒精成分，饮用方式一般有加冰和不加冰两种，其配制方式各种各样。威士忌也是一种烈性酒，而且呈油状，分为黑麦威士忌和苏格兰威士忌。葡萄酒分为红、的白两种，但值得注意的是：标有“Chablis”商标的葡萄酒并非法国所产的无甜味的白葡萄酒，而是美国加利弗尼亚州生产的白葡萄酒，该酒在美国享有盛誉

3、100分求关于酒的英文文献

China's wine culture has 5000 years of history, has a long history of wine in our wine culture, the development of long-term process, making many as the "Shen Pin" 'Qiongjiang "wine treasures. I am the principal of Liquor comparison of Chinese and Western culture, and focus on understanding the culture of wine in China history of the development. I think in a different cultural background and different walks of life, different people, and even different frame of mind which was to understand the extent of different ways. For Chinese and Western culture, a different understanding of wine, the key is to make the best wine culture development, better for our services, which require the integration of Chinese and Western cultures of wine. Today, the West's wine culture to a large extent, the impact of China's wine culture, particularly in the tasting the mood in the West tend to be more, can hope to make more Westerners to understand China's fine tradition of wine culture. Talking about China's fine tradition of wine culture, wine and poetry had mentioned the close relationship between the poetry of wine is given a new interpretation of the source of origin so that the culture of wine in a long, and is deeply rooted. From ancient times people do not know the number of Jie Jiu literati ink to write a good poem passed down until today, to express his or hi or bad feelings, a lot of people describe the beauty away. Such as: "grape wine Remanbar" scenery, "Doujiu 100 poems," the passion, "Jiejiuxiaochou worry even more unhappy" analogy, "When the wine song, geometry of life?" Free and easy, "Do not make Jinzun Air-to-month "spirit,"酒逢知己千杯少"the joy of" non-intoxicating liquor drunk people from "conception," ulterior motives "of the Miao Yu," live for today "no alternative , "Yao Zhi Heng Fa Chuen shepherd boy" sad, "hand-crisp red, yellow wine tie up" suffering "Yizuifangxiu" happy, as well, "Zhu Jiuge" Bold, "The Divine Comedy wine," the rough ... ... Liquor heroes were also given to the extraordinary feat, given the strong cultural flavor of life, Cao Cao Quiz cooking wine, toast the invitation of Li Bai's moon, burning the midnight oil to see Zuili Xin Jian, Su asked the Liquor blue sky, Li Qingzhao sleep of course, very strong residual liquor, Huang Fei determined to swig (Southern Song Dynasty in the early years of anti-gold star, and Yue Fei was drinking too much at fault, Emperor Zhao Gou and his mother have let him quit drinking, he listened to the advice immediately broken wine However, he has made under the vows: "Huang Zhi Dao House (the capital of the Jin), and those who swig ears!" In which "those who swig and ears" Hero is full of pride.), In fact, no matter Beixi, those who drink In the wine in the pursuit of life is freedom, forget the life and death for whom the honor easily, in the wine itself to be a real, I think this is what most people understand the essence of the spirit of wine in it! In Europe, especially in the wine and romance to that of France, drink what kind of wine samples with what the wine glass, is the Yidingzhigui. General with a complete set of wine should include a Jiuzun, a set of glass, a set of red wine, a set of champagne glasses, a white wine cup, a liquor glasses. In the glass on the table are also placed special attention. From left to right, the largest number in the cup on the left side, the smallest number in the right side of the cup. So far the most popular European wine is still visible pure crystal cup. Each of the different cup mouth and body shape of the Cup, Cup of different thickness and different designs and different floriation family of Crystal Cup, seemed to represent a beautiful feeling. China in the table, we usually drink the wine of beer, such as Hapi, Qingdao beer, beer and so on snow, or white wine, such as Maotai, Wuliangye, Beijing Wotou II, and so on. In the United States, a lot of people who drink beer. However, I see very few Americans have a direct high concentrations of fine drinking wine, and this is very different from China. Also, I see very few Americans are on the table in a toast each other, we usually drink all of the. Only in certain occasions, we will toast together. This time is usually in a person after the speech, we cross a toast, a person wishing for a person something to celebrate. Think carefully, can be found: the Chinese people are drinking seriously, and look who drink to drink is the atmosphere; in the West attaches great importance to drink wine, depends on what wine to drink, it is necessary to the full enjoyment of wine The delicious. China's ceremonial drinking of alcohol reflects the respect for human beings. Masters of the guests have a fixed seat, have a fixed order of toast. When a toast from the beginning of the master King, owner of disrespect End, is not eligible for other people's respect, if the order of the chaos to deserve to be punished. And a toast from some of the most distinguished guests began to King, a toast to wine full time, that the toast was also a respect for human beings. The younger generation of elders, the lower a toast to the higher authorities to take the initiative to propose a toast, but also pay attention to the first King to do. The Hang Jiuling, Hua Quan, such as drinking etiquette, but also to allow people to drink more alcohol and enjoy the came into being. It is clear that the Chinese wine culture by young and old hierarchy of traditional Chinese culture, ethics, in the course of drinking alcohol on the respect for human beings on the most important position. The rituals of wine drinking in the West, reflect the respect for alcohol. Kam goods to wine and watch their color, smell their fragrance, flavor of their products, to mobilize all kinds of sensory enjoyment of wine. Goods in order to drink, pay attention to drink white wine after drinking red wine, the first products of light and then liquor products of the rich wine, to drink young wine to drink in the long years of wine, in accordance with the laws of taste changes gradually and in-depth Enjoy the taste of wine. The wine's choice, but also around how to fight the full enjoyment of those who drink wine to the requirements of choice. Aroma Cup together so that the tulip-mouth goblet, so full of wine-Shu start of the wine decanter, as well as to master the temperature of wine and drink products specially designed for the thermometer, all in the West reflect on the respect for alcohol, and their Ceremonial drinking, drinking culture is better to appreciate the delicious have been made. In China, wine is often used as a tool, the so-called ulterior motives. Qingmeizhujiu as to demonstrate who is a hero; Cup Mo Jiang Jinjiu stop in order to eliminate forever the same and Seoul worry; bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages, in order to Jiejiu asylum. Wine in the eyes of the Chinese people more as a communication tool in China's wine culture of wine for their own lack of scientific and systematic analysis and evaluation, but also about drinking after he brought a wonderful role . In the West, often drinking purpose is very simple, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol. Of course, wine in the West also has the function of communication, but it's more pursuing is how much of the flavor of wine to enjoy. Comparison of wine culture in the West, can be found, the difference between the culture of wine is actually a way of thinking in the West differences. Whether China is the booze or the West tasting, wine culture can all hope that the next time a relatively more and better wine, wine culture can be developed and inheritance, so that more people understand the culture of wine, Enjoy the wine culture! 中译: 中国的酒文化有着5000多年的历史，悠久的酿酒历史使我国酒文化在长期的发展过程中，酿造出许多被誉为“神品”、‘琼浆”的酒类珍品。我这次主要对中西酒文化进行比较，并侧重理解中国酒文化的发展历史。 我觉得一种文化在不同的时代背景，不同的阶层，不同的人们，甚至不同的心情当中被理解的程度，方式也不同。对于中西酒文化的不同理解，关键在于能够使酒文化得到最充分的发展，更好的为我们服务，这就需要中西酒文化相互融合。如今，西方的酒文化很大程度上影响了中国酒文化，尤其在品酒的意境方面更趋向于西方,希望也可以使更多的西方人了解中国酒文化的优良传统。 说到中国酒文化的优良传统，就不得不提到酒与诗的密切关系，诗赋予酒的是全新的诠释，使酒文化源源流长，根深叶茂。从古至今不知多少文人墨士借酒写出流传至今的好诗篇，抒发了自己或喜或忧的感情，描绘了很多让人流连忘返的美景。如：“葡萄美酒夜光杯”的景色，“斗酒诗百篇”的激情，“借酒消愁愁更愁”的比喻，“对酒当歌，人生几何？”的洒脱，“莫使金樽空对月”的气概，“酒逢知己千杯少”的喜悦，“酒不醉人人自醉”的意境，“醉翁之意不在酒”的妙喻，“今朝有酒今朝醉”的无奈，“牧童遥指杏花村”的悲伤，“红酥手，黄縢酒”的苦痛，“一醉方休”的痛快，还有《祝酒歌》的豪放，《酒神曲》的粗犷…… 酒也赋予英雄豪杰们以不凡的壮举，赐予文化浓厚的生活气息，曹操煮酒论英雄，李白举杯邀明月，辛弃疾醉里挑灯看剑，苏东坡把酒问青天，李清照浓睡不消残酒，岳飞立志痛饮黄龙（南宋初年的抗金名将，岳飞曾因饮酒过多而过失，其母及高宗赵构都让他戒酒，他也听从了劝告，立即断了酒，但他却发下誓愿：“直捣黄龙府（金国的都城），与诸君痛饮耳！”其中“与诸君痛饮耳”充满英雄豪情。），其实无论悲喜，醉酒者在酒中所追求的是生活的自由、忘记生死利禄荣辱的轻松，在酒中做一个真正的自己，我想这也是大多数人对酒精神的精髓理解吧！ 在欧洲，尤其是在以美酒和浪漫著称的法国，饮什么样品类的美酒，配用什么样相应的酒杯，是有一定之规的。一般一套完整的酒具应包括一只酒樽，一套水杯，一套红酒杯，一套香槟杯，一套白葡萄酒杯，一套烈性酒酒杯。酒杯在餐桌上的摆放也有特别的讲究。从左到右，最大号杯在最左边，最小号杯在最右边。至今最受欧洲人喜爱的酒杯依然是纯净剔透的水晶杯。每一只不同杯口及杯身形状，不同杯壁厚度，不同花饰及不同设计家族的水晶杯，似乎都代表一份美丽的心情。 在中国的餐桌上，大家喝的酒一般是啤酒，如哈啤，青岛啤酒，雪花啤酒等等，或是白酒，如茅台，五粮液，北京二窝头等等。在美国，喝啤酒的人很多。但是，我很少见到美国人有直接喝酒精浓度很高的白酒，这和中国很不同。还有，我极少见到美国人在餐桌上互相敬酒，大家通常都是各喝各的。只有在某些特定场合，大家才会一同举杯。这样的时刻通常是在某人致辞之后，大家交相举杯，祝福某人，为某人某事庆贺。仔细想想，可以发现：中国人饮酒重视的是人，要看和谁喝，要的是饮酒的气氛；西方人饮酒重视的酒，要看喝什么酒，要的是充分享受酒的美味。 中国的饮酒礼仪体现了对饮酒人的尊重。主人，客人都有固定的座位，都有固定的敬酒次序。敬酒时要从主人开始敬，主人不敬完，别人是没有资格敬的，如果乱了次序是要受罚的。而敬酒一定是从最尊贵的客人开始敬起，敬酒时酒杯要满，表示的也是对被敬酒人的尊重。晚辈对长辈、下级对上级敬酒要主动敬酒，而且讲究的是先干为敬。而行酒令、划拳等饮酒礼仪，也是为了让饮酒人喝的更尽兴而应运而生的。显然，中国酒文化深受中国尊卑长幼传统伦理文化的影响，在饮酒过程中把对饮酒人的尊重摆在最重要的位置上。而西方人饮用葡萄酒的礼仪，则反应出对酒的尊重。品鉴葡萄酒要观其色、闻其香、品其味，调动各种感官享受美酒。在品饮顺序上，讲究先喝白葡萄酒后喝红葡萄酒、先品较淡的酒再品浓郁的酒、先饮年轻的酒在饮较长年份的酒，按照味觉规律的变化，逐渐深入地享受酒中风味的变化。而对葡萄酒器的选择上，也是围绕着如何让拼饮者充分享受葡萄酒的要求来选择的。让香气汇聚杯口的郁金香型高脚杯、让酒体充分舒展开的滗酒器、乃至为掌握葡萄酒温度而为品饮专门设计的温度计，无不体现出西方人对酒的尊重，他们的饮酒礼仪、饮酒文化都是为更好的欣赏美味而制定的。 在中国，酒常常被当做一种工具，所谓醉翁之意不在酒。如青梅煮酒是为了论证谁是英雄；杯莫停的将进酒，为的是与尔同消万古愁；竹林里狂歌的七贤，为的是借酒避难。酒在中国人眼里更多的是当作一种交际的工具，所以在中国的酒文化中缺乏对于酒本身进行科学而系统的理论分析和品评，更在意饮用他后带来的美妙作用。在西方，饮酒的目的往往很简单，为了欣赏酒而饮酒，为了享受美酒而饮酒。当然，在西方葡萄酒也有交际的功能，但人们更多的是追求如何尽情的享受美酒的味道。 比较中西方酒文化，可以发现，酒文化之间的差异其实就是中西方思维方式的差异。 无论是中国的豪饮，还是西方的品酒，都希望酒文化能够在以后的时间里比较出更多更好的酒，也可以是酒文化得到发展和继承，让更多的人了解酒文化，欣赏酒文化！Wine is an alcoholic beverage made of fermented grape juice.[1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients.[2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine being produced.[3]Although other fruits such as apples and berries can also be fermented, the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or elderberry wine) and are generically known as fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin du pays). Others, such as barley wine and rice wine (e.g. sake), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer and spirit more than wine, while ginger wine is fortified with brandy. In these cases, the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content, rather than production process.[4] The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many jurisdictions.[5]Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and Iran.[6][7] Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece, and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout history. The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist and Kiddush.The word "wine" derives from the Proto-Germanic "*winam," an early borrowing from the Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape) vine," itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- (cf. Hittite: wiyana ,Lycian: Oino, Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos, Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos).[8][9] Similar words for wine or grapes are found in the Semitic languages (cf. Arabic ﻭﻳﻦ wayn) and in Georgian (ğvino); some consider the term to be a wanderwort, or "wandering word".[10]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Grape varieties 3 Classification 3.1 Europe classification 3.2 Outside of Europe 4 Vintages 5 Tasting 6 Collecting 7 Production 7.1 Exporting countries 8 Uses 8.1 Religious uses 9 Health effects 10 Packaging 11 Storage 12 Film and television 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links pls contact me for the url,which is banned on baidu.

参考资料：wiki

4、法国葡萄酒文化（英文版）

Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.Wine and liquor completely soil, climate and wine skills, among other factors, but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact, but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties different. Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, between the Caucasus region, until the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China before. At present grape has been widely introduced to the rest of the world, mainly as a wine raw materials. But the world's best and most famous wine producing mostly to France, French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman period. As France mild climate, in addition to some of the northern Normandy region, the country can produce high quality grapes. In 1996, more than 818,000 hectares of the total of vineyards, 13 production wine regions, wine production over 4.6 billion litres. France can be said to be one of the countries with rich wine.Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.

5、有关酒文化论文

http://portico.bl.uk/大英帝国图书馆，你英语好才行！用有道词典自动由中译汉

6、写关于中西方酒文化论文有些什么文献啊！（中文和英文的文献）

可以去看下 神水之滴 是专门讲红酒文化及品酒的 很专业 看完你肯定会写了 呵呵1471663638 加QQ 发给你吧···不方便往上面敲

7、有关文化的英语作文（可以是酒文化，菊文化......但必须是英文，300个单词左右）

51TestBeer 51TestAmerican beer, with very few exceptions, varies from the mediocre to the terrible. There are not many types of beer in the US—"light" and "dark" are two terms commonly used. 51TestIt is therefore normal to order beer simply by brand name. In a restaurant, in fact, it is quite all right to order "a beer", and they will tell youwhat they have. 51TestIt is not necessary, either, to specify quantity when ordering beer. If it comes in bottles or cans, you will get a bottle or can, and if it's "on tap" you will get a glass, unless you order a "pitcher". The latter is very convenient thing to do, since you can then take the jug and glasses to your table and keep filling up without going back to the bar. (It is harder, however, to know how much you have drunk.) 51TestSome beer comes in bottles with tops that look as if they need an opener, but you can, in fact, screw them off by hand—though you have to be very careful not to hurt yourself. It is possible, in some stores and bars,to find a wide selection of beer from all over the world, especially Western Europe and Australia, and it is good fun to experiment with these. 51TestCocktails 51TestCocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger in the USA than in Europe, and visitors may not be familiar with some of the terminology. "On the rocks", as you probably know, means with ice, while "straight up" or "up" means neat and without ice. There are hundreds of different cocktails, and there is no space here to list all the different names. 51TestThe Hard Stuff 51TestIn America "whiskey" means bourbon unless otherwise indicated. Bourbon is a rather oily spiritmade from maizeRye whiskey is called "rye" and Scotch whiskey "Scotch". 51TestWine 51TestIn bars wine can often be bought by the glass. Don't be misled by names such as "Chablis" is used to refer to white wine, and "Burgundy" to red—Americans seem never to have heard of white Burgundy.本回答由网友推荐山寨文化 英语作文On Shanzhai Culture The Chinese word "Shanzhai" literally means small mountain village,but it's now used to describe products that have names similar to famous brands or people who imitate celebrities. As"Shanzhai"culture gradually deepens in people's heart,there have been many arguments about it. Some people hold a viewpoint that pseudo-celebrities are quite something, for it offers a good method for small companies to promote their prodocts without trying to spend huge amount of money on "real celebrities" advertising. However, others maintain that pseudo-products are nothing but fake commodities. These people are worried that those who have been deceived will be reluctant to consume,which will make business slack. From my perspective, "Shanzhai" has become a culture of its own, representing non-mainstream ideas. Also, it's a new way for common people to express what they what. As I see, by consuming pseudo-products, people can enjoy a better life with less money. Nevertheless, I dare not agree that a copycat version of CCTV be prt on the screen, as it is so directly related to our country's image. And yet, I do not hope that we bury ourselver into "Shanzhai" culture and cease our steps in further creativity and innovation. Generally speaking, only if we make good use of "Shanzhai" culture, can we benifit from it in the broadest sense关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.

8、中国酒文化英文怎么写

中国酒文化 [网络] chinese wine culture; [例句]中国酒文化博大精深，涵盖酿酒业方方面面，是祖国的宝贵文化遗产，在世界酒文化之林独领风骚。China culture of alcoholic beverages has rich and deep meanings, including everything in liquor-making industry.Chinese Drinking Culture

9、想找一些有关李白与酒文化的外文参考文献 写论文用 必须两个以上 详细一些的 急啊 跪求

李白的诗酒文化，是他人生体验的最好记录。他一生用酒当墨，用心作笔，写下了许多令人心惊和令人心驰神往的文字，在诗坛上成为一件又一件亮丽的瑰宝。李白一生关心国事，但为国立功的理想和不满黑暗现实的秉性，又构成了他特有的“诗酒”人生。

李白嗜酒，人称“醉圣”“酒仙”史书上记载他“每醉为文章，为少差错，与醉之人相谈议事，皆不出其所见.”客居任城时，与鲁中诸生孔巢父、韩沔、张叔明、裴政、陶沔在徂徕山，日日酣歌纵酒，时号“竹溪六虚”。

杜甫《饮中八仙歌》赞之：“李白斗酒诗百篇”又有人称其诗：“《乐府》之外，……，言酒者固多。”保留下来的1500多首诗中，写到饮酒的达700多首，其他的或多或少都带有一点的酒味。其中的《独酌》、《将进酒》、《襄阳歌》等流传甚广。

扩展资料：

酒文化其他名人

1、　杜康。

《尚书 酒诰》“惟天降命，肇我民惟元祀”，唐孔颖达疏引汉应劭云：“杜康造酒。”杜康因为造酒，还曾被当作酒的代名词。有历史上跑得最快的人曹操（“说曹操，曹操到”）的诗句为证：“何以解忧？惟有杜康。”河南陕西一带还有以“杜康”命名的酒。

2、纣王。

作为商朝的末代皇帝，他是臭名昭著的人物。他发明了利用酒进行宫廷娱乐的方法：“……以酒为池，悬肉为林，使男女倮（裸），相逐其间，为长夜之饮。”场面之壮观，可以跟罗马帝国凯撒大帝相媲美。

3、孔子。

孔子虽然贵为圣人，被称作万世师表，而实际上，他也有不少凡夫俗子的小嗜好，比如饮酒。孔子是主张饮酒的。《论语》中“酒”字一共出现过五次，其中四次出自孔子之口，可以证明他老先生平时是喜欢饮酒的。