一般情况下，一篇论文的结论不可能仅仅局限于对已有文献的回顾，因为如果这样的话，为了弥补文献在实证研究上的不足，论文需要达到一个更高层次的原创性思考。因此，文献综述一般仅仅是（又一次的）适合非常杰出的学生或经验丰富的研究者来挑战的。不懂可以问我，我会的。
您好 去图书馆查吧 不少 希望上述回答对您有所帮助 祝您好运~！本回答由提问者推荐只要你把方向先把握好， 然后在朝着方向写的详细一点让别人一看就懂就好了， 自己动脑加油
我能告诉你方法。。。淘宝 ！！！！用不到多少钱本回答由提问者推荐
爱上对方
关于日fogvhufryfytrf76fcgvf一点歌词7打发特产体育法庭7rf7854tr7i`tuybvfdf
英文参考文献有，至于翻译得靠你自己，怎么提供给你啊，至少留个邮箱地址吧追问
qq 609226202，谢啦追答
已发QQ邮箱，请查收，希望能帮到你，急用的话多加点分悬赏，这样才有更多的知友及时帮助你来自：求助得到的回答
Hotel Room Management System(酒店客房管理系统) First, school discipline consciously to comply with regulations, should civilized, courteous, ethical, stresses discipline. To be positive, loving and respecting their jobs, be good at learning, to acquire new skills. Second, it is necessary to dress induction, listing services, it is necessary to instrument client makeup, generous manner, standardized terminology, civilized service, courtesy, enthusiasm for the initiative. Third, room service, daily in accordance with the procedures and requirements in accordance with the provisions of Health and was cleaning the room, it is necessary to carefully; room to manage the items and found that the issue of timely reporting. Fourth, the provision of accommodation, there must be a department director of the Center for leadership and service signing; external accommodation officer, I have a valid identity card or registration documents before they are allowed to stay. Five are not free to get foreigners to stay or live-in room, without the consent of the Director of the Center are not allowed to open private room, for others (including our employees) to provide accommodation, rest and entertainment. Sixth, check the clean-up room shall not tamper with the guests and private use of the things that students and guests are not allowed to ask for goods and the receipt of gifts; found loss of the public have to pay for items. Seven are not allowed into the front of others; front desk computer to staff management and operation, not related to personnel are not allowed to operate privately; typing, photocopying, send and receive fax, according to charges. Eight working hours are not allowed off-the-job, leave something to the leadership, are not allowed to sit in and for private classes, are not allowed to playing poker,织毛衣, watching TV and doing non-work-related matters. 9, do a good job in security work, in particular, do a good job in security work of the fire nuisance, it is necessary to ground inspections to identify problems and deal with timely reporting. Hotel health management system First, the purpose of health management to improve the quality of the hotel to provide the customers with fresh, clean and healthy consumption environment, and special provisions of the final version. Second, the contents of 1, the management of health management, including personal hygiene items and equipment health management and three aspects of food hygiene management. 2, officials at every level of their work area kept clean of Health has carried out clean-up responsibility. Managers to subordinate the management of health workers have jointly and severally liable. 3, clean-up of professional health departments and staff responsible for the work projects of regional and specialized cleaning and management. Clean the main means of public health, the Department of Food and Beverage catering manager, kitchen and cooks, the health sector and its personnel. 4, hygiene management standards: (1) instrument appearance and personal hygiene of staff. (2) the necessary health knowledge. (3) physical, mental health, test of "health card" posts. 5, see the standard of food hygiene management "on the hotel's management of food hygiene." 6, items and equipment standards for health management: to maintain the surface of materials and equipment formation, light, no smell, no damage, no marks clean, tidy and orderly place. 7, self-health check in accordance with the staff, teams and groups to check, departmental examination, the functional departments of the four inspection system to check, using conventional inspection, special inspection, secret investigation of the way, make unannounced visits. The problems of inspection, in accordance with the standards of accountability and punishment. Third, examination 1, goods, facilities and equipment requirements of surface roughness, light, no smell, no damage, no marks clean, tidy and orderly place, or in accordance with the seriousness of the circumstances and the impact of punishment. (1) Mao Xu, floating ash, water, paper and other minor health problems, each of the punishment given to 0.1-0.5 million. (2) deposition, stains, grease, the larger debris, hair, wrinkles and other health problems, each element of the punishment given to 0.5-2. (3) dirt, there are foreign bodies, cracks, damaged, irregular placed, dislocation, loss or lack of goods, and environmental health issues such as smell, every element of the punishment given to 2-5. 2, all periodic health clean-up, no clean-up due to the expiration of the formation of health corner, to give 1 yuan sub-punishment, which affect the consumption of guests raised by the guests, as appropriate, given the responsibility of departments responsible for warning or fault action. 3, in the personal hygiene and food sanitation violation, in accordance with the relevant system of punishment hotel. Fourth, the requirements issued since the date of implementation. Hotels, hotel industry and health system A, hotels, hotels in order to maintain the environment clean, beautiful, ground-free fruit, and garbage痰迹. Second, be equipped with sterilization or disinfection facilities, and a sound health system. Third, quilt cover, pillowcase (towels), bed sheets and other bedding should be for a one-off. Fourth, the public should be a daily cleaning and disinfecting tea. Tea Surface must be clean, no oil, no water, no smell. Fifth, the wash-room toilet tank, bathtub should be a day of cleansing and disinfection. No toilet rooms, each bed should be equipped with different markings and the basin脚盆 One each. Basins,脚盆and slippers to be a passenger and one for use after cleansing and disinfection. 6, guesthouses, hotels among public health to do the daily cleaning, disinfection, and maintain no water, no mosquitoes, no smell. 7, various hotels, hotels have防蝇, mosquitoes, cockroaches and anti-rodent facilities, and facilities for the use of regular checks and found the problem in time to improve. Eight of the passengers abandoned the clothing to be registered, the destruction of unity. 9, the shop-owned water and secondary water supplies should be consistent with the "drinking water health standards", the second water supply reservoir water to meet health requirements tubes, Do regular cleaning and disinfecting. Second, performance appraisal system of the Housekeeping Department First, employees must strictly comply with the working hours shall not be late, leave early. Second, the post on time to participate in regular (every Monday to Friday room as early as 8:00), (front desk every Monday and Thursday 3:00 p.m.) less than regular processing in accordance with absenteeism. Third, break down each week day, when an important task to suspend scheduled to receive a short break after the off. Annual leave in accordance with the provisions of the Center. Fourth, staff sick leave the hospital to be diagnosed in advance and leave to prove a single hand, if there are special circumstances can not leave early, and should promptly notify the foreman, the foreman asked the manager. Fifth, the staff requested the leave shall be submitted in advance 3-1 days foreman, in the case of staff shortage or have an important task, you can not be granted. After the leave will be dealt with according to absenteeism. Sixth, in strict accordance with the provisions of the frequency of work, if there is urgent reshuffle, without prejudice to the normal work situation, one day in advance to apply to the Captain, without consent by unauthorized reshuffle to deal with absenteeism. Seven of the sick leave fraud matter, once found, depending on the circumstances given to deal with absenteeism or removed. Third, the Department of grooming room instrumentation requirements Instrumentation: 1, working hours should be provided for work clothes to wear. 2, work clothes should be clean, straight, in accordance with the provisions of扣好on衣扣, trousers buckle. 3, put on a pocket, pocket fitted to prohibit all sorts of things, in order to maintain and keeps its uniform. Overalls should be repaired if damaged. 4, when the attendants are to go to work wearing a black work shoes, work shoes to keep clean. Wearing socks, asked men and women of deep shallow, socks should be in good condition without damage, are not allowed to wear shoes barefoot. 5, attendants are not allowed to wear during the induction of various accessories such as necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings and so on. 6, the work should be required to work during the wear plate position in the left chest. 7, after the attendants dress should be self-censorship, and accept only after passing inspection foreman jobs. Appearance: 1, staff should remain clean face, clean hair, beautiful hair, generous. 2 men to stay fat, the latter is not covered collar, side did not cover ears; President to stay fat,垂肩after, the former do not cover eyes. Barber Qin, Qin-xiu surface, ground剪指甲, diligence dressing, washing hands frequently, take a bath. 3, men do not stay mustache, large temples; President does not stay long nails, nail polish is not coated, do not use strong perfume. 4, President of淡妆before induction can not be浓妆艳抹. 5, to maintain oral hygiene does not smell pre foods such as onions, garlic, tofu and so on. 6, smiling, cordial and kind, dignified and stable, neither overbearing nor servile. Deportment: 1, sitting A, body straight, vertical center of gravity down, stood back, shoulders relaxed, feet close together and knees, hand on the laptop. Binocular head-up, with a smile. B, not sit chairs filled (attendants should take two-thirds of the chairs), but not sitting in the edge. C, non-前俯back, legs shaking Rocker feet, can not be cross-leg table in the handrails or. D, in front of their superiors or guests can not hold hands in the chest, can not be二郎腿Rocker can not shake the legs, do not sit半躺half. 2, standing A, chest, crosstraining, freeclimber, the rise of head-up eyes, smiling. B, his arms hang down naturally or in the body before the cross, his left hand on the right hand under the best condition to maintain services. C, when the woman was standing on his feet into "V"-shaped, close to the knees, heels靠紧. Man standing with feet shoulder width. D, can not stand when叉腰, pole bending legs or hands, help desk, wall and so on. E, standing for non-hand fork when the pocket in the clothes can not stretch, get hair and other little tricks. F, standing打拍子feet, not 32 to get together to chat. 3, take the attitude A, head, chest, arms swing naturally down, legs should be straight. Women take the word step, the man walking with the feet parallel. B, are not allowed to摇头晃脑walking, whistling, snacking may not be hand fork pockets. C, walking may not be running, jumping, not the guests through the middle. D, off-off站定, take the initiative to give way and say hello nod. E, walk in the corridor should be on the right hand wall is not allowed. F, three or more scattered to walk in small groups can not peer. May not be walking勾肩搭背, said, laughing, or rough. Fourth, the Department of incentive regulations Rooms (Punishment Ordinance) Verbal warning 1, the regular meeting or work late, leave early. 2, working hours reading books, read the newspaper, eating snacks, drinks, fall asleep. 3, spitting, litter paper, peel and other debris. 4, not at designated employees access channel, through the lobby, main entrance, warming Gallery, in civilian dress to enter the workplace. 5, in violation of the rules and regulations quarters, educators have been criticized. 6, the provisions of the ban on smoking in the smoking area. 7, on duty when listening to music, watching TV, make personal phone calls or chat by phone. 8, the working hours of unauthorized absence from the job, or a string of gang扎堆chat, not good at with instructions to enter the Center Center. 9, the slow distribution of the work of a higher level, delay, work do not have a strong sense of responsibility, carelessness, resulting in the work of errors were minor. 10, on duty in public places or when the appearance is not the whole dress is not required, such as licensing work with distortion, not the entire hair, such as relying on the walls. 11, in the use of all剔牙off, dug ears, scratching, to pull the nose, look in the mirror, make-up, started referring to, whistling, hands pockets, hands叉腰, such as loud hubbub of the move being professional demeanor. 12, service is not active, not passion, not honorific and polite language and not the guests made a positive solution to the requirements of power, caused by dissatisfaction with the guests. 13, staff regulations violations, the presence of management staff is not correct, non-stop, non-performance of the management responsibility of a minor nature. 14, in violation of the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations or department, a minor. 15, in the health inspection, a number of unqualified persons found. Slight fault 1, within one month by two oral警告者. 2, is not reasonable obedience to superior orders, did not complete the task or intention to sabotage the work of their superiors who are impolite words and deeds. 3, the work of sow discord, slander others, to spread the speech is not conducive to unity; the work of the spirit of the lack of coordination and cooperation, with the result that the work be affected. 4, time to fall asleep on duty, dry private live. 5, in violation of various safety rules and working procedures for the operation of norms and rules and regulations. 6, not to subordinate the management of discipline found not stopped, not by the punishment. 7, unauthorized use of passenger amenities or facilities, unauthorized guests turning items. 8, the language vulgar, impolite to the guests, and guests to argue, without consent or authorization into the leadership of the Office of the guests rooms. Small fault 1, by two months to deal with two minor mistakes. 2, work is not serious, not enthusiasm or the leadership of complaints by the guests. 3, authorization to accept guests tips, articles, or have left over items are not timely paid 4, the working hours as well as the impact of the guests shouted rest hubbub. 5, as a result of the mistakes made by individuals affect the work of customer service. 6, contrary to the positions of the working procedures or rules and regulations as well as hidden dangers caused by work. 7, using improper means to interfere with the work of others. 8, unauthorized use of guests of the goods or equipment without the approval of unauthorized use of center equipment. 9, knowing that the loss or loss of property, and turning a blind eye is not reporting. 10, does not provide true and accurate report, form or material. 11, leakage of confidential centers, the Center lost keys, documents and other important items. Major fault 1, within three months by the two in mind to deal with small errors. 2, twice within two months under the leadership of the guests or complaints. . 3, work positions, or dereliction of duty, unauthorized absence from the adverse effects caused by some. 4, mismanagement, resulting in serious losses Center. 5, to work with when drinking or drunkenness. . 6, refused to accept the leadership of the organization of a reasonable work, bad attitude. 7, the work of dereliction of duty caused by power failure, water, parking and other major incidents. 8, other violations of rules and regulations, the circumstances of a serious shortage of dismissal. Dismissed, removed or expelled from the 1, a serious dereliction of duty, corruption, resulting in heavy losses. 2, by the public security organs shall be held criminally accountable. 3, can not do the work, after training or adjustment of status can not be doing the work. V 4, theft or private use Center materials, private room to open. 5, insult, slander, assault, intimidation, threats against colleagues and leading or fighting. 6, alcohol, gambling, the adverse effects caused. 7, do not obey the leadership of the command, the leadership refused to assign a reasonable work, through the Education invalid. 8, deliberate damage to public property. 9, the use of public谋私, corruption, misappropriation of public funds. 10, released to the outside world center slanderous remarks made remarks prejudicial to the reputation of the Center, severely damaged the image center. 11, recorded a major fault or two small errors or warnings shown no apparent repentance. 12, other serious violations of discipline violations. (Award) 1, in the service work, outstanding performance with outstanding performance. 2, put forward some reasonable proposals to improve the quality of service or to contribute to saving energy and reducing consumption. 3, quality service, by the central leadership or guests. 4, a strong sense of responsibility, the timely detection of a variety of hidden dangers and prevent accidents. 5,拾金不昧, won the reputation as the center. 6, solid work hard to unite colleagues, be sure the same. 7, honorable, the protection of the state, collectives and the safety of guests property. 8, who have made outstanding contributions in other areas. V. Housekeeping service standards and disciplinary provisions of 1, obedience to superior management, unity and colleagues, work full emotional, not to The impact of the work for personal reasons 2, work, work to maintain the appearance of a person's own instrument, and maintain the Center clean and quiet and maintain normal private life. 3, working hours is prohibited access to make private telephone calls, meeting with friends or chat is strictly prohibited. 4, in the service area to achieve the "three-light" to speak not only light, light walking, light operation. 5, on the customer service should not be too affectionate, guests can not make up the shoulder. 6, guests can not be asked to "do not know" answer inquiries as far as possible, in the case of improper words and deeds of the guests, not tit-for-tat should be tactfully explained. Adhere to the guests is always right. 7, in the face of the guests may not smoke, eat, read the newspaper, may not be rough foul language; does not mean that the private opinions, do not talk about national issues. 8, the guests have asked or required to be recorded immediately so as not to forget that beyond the terms of reference should be unable to process request to the leadership may not be good at doing that. 9, without the guests agreed that children should not have to play the visitors to avoid unhappy customers; when going out or entertaining guests when their children can not neglect, but not chaos to the food. 10, in front of the guests did not say unnecessary action if not arrogant. 11, does not apply if the guests fall ill or have other anomalies should be reported immediately to avoid accidents. 12, knocked on the door to develop good habits, are not free to enter the guest room, guest room shall be arbitrarily moving luggage items should be in the guest room shall not open the door to close. 13, without a tenant to confirm whether or not the tenant agree that should not be opening the door for others. 14, guests should take the initiative to get out of baggage items found in time and turned over to the return of first time guests.
德国汉堡的酒店管理专业学校Unser bilingualer Schwerpunkt:International Hotel Management (IHM)Ihre Vorbereitung auf Führungstätigkeit in internationalen HotelsMöchten Sie in der internationalen Hotellerie arbeiten? Gleich ob im Ausland oder innerhalb Deutschlands: für solche Aufgaben ist es unverzichtbar, dass Sie gut Englisch sprechen, damit Sie in internationalen Führungsteams mitreden und mitgestalten können. Außerdem ist es wichtig, dass Sie Unterschiede im Verhalten, in Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten kennen, die auf unterschiedlichen kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Hintergründen beruhen.Genau das wollen wir mit Ihnen schaffen! Und zwar so:Voraussetzungen und Unterstufe:Sie sollten schon gute bis sehr gute Englischkenntnisse mitbringen und müssen in der Unterstufe den Advanced English Course und möglichst auch den den Human Resource Management Course belegt haben. Letzterer ist empfehlenswert, weil Sie damit schon mal ausprobieren können, ob es Ihnen liegt, in Englisch an Themen des Gastgewerbemanagements zu arbeiten.Darüber hinaus ist es von Vorteil, wenn Sie schon Auslandserfahrung gesammelt haben.Zur Oberstufe entscheiden Sie sich für IHM als Schwerpunkt. Das bedeutet für Sie folgendes:Die Lehrgänge in Betriebsorganisation, VWL, Controlling und Unternehmensführung laufen parallel zu den anderen Schwerpunkten (Zentralfächer). Statt Personalwirtschaft können Sie Human Resource Management in englischer Sprache belegen.Ebenfalls in englischer Sprache ist der Schwerpunkt selbst gestaltet. Hier werden Sie sich in Einzel- und Teamarbeit sowohl handlungsorientiert als auch akademisch mit einer Vielzahl von Hotelmanagementthemen befassen. Aus der Fülle möglicher Handlungsfelder, deren Art der Behandlung mit dem Kurs vereinbart wird (gemeinsam im Unterricht, individuell als Facharbeit, als Projekt usw.) möchten wir Ihnen beispielhaft folgende nennen:•Quality Management•Front Office Operations and Management•Hospitality Sales•Leadership in Hospitality•F&B Management•Project Management•Rooms Division ManagementFür den Wahlpflichtunterricht empfehlen wir Ihnen, die zweite Fremdsprache der Unterstufe mit 2 Wochenstunden weiterzuführen. Ansonsten haben Sie natürlich die Möglichkeit hier Ihren Neigungen und Bedürfnissen entsprechend Kurse aus der Vielzahl der Angebote zu belegen.Haben Sie Fragen? Schicken Sie mir eine Mail*, ich will versuchen, Ihnen zu antworten!Übrigens, wir sind stolz darauf, im Jahr 2005 das Europäische Sprachensiegel verliehen bekommen zu haben, als Anerkennung für zukunftsweisenden bilingualen Unterricht.Andrea Benkert und Jens Hatje* die e-mail Adresse ist hatje und dann die Domain @hotelfachschule-hamburg.deAngerstraße 422087 HamburgTel.: +49-40-42859-3429Fax +49-40-42859-3128
童鞋你好！这个估计需要自己搜索了！网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：----------------------------------------------------------❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2❷Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)❸EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会❹ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会❺Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书❼ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 谷歌学术搜索！❽国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库❾推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！所以，很容易过去的！祝你好运！本回答由提问者推荐酒店很多方向，你具体要求什么方向的有烹饪技术，财务管理，人力资源管理，还有市场营销等等
浅谈酒店资产运营的安全和效率作者：张剑 时间：2009-7-10 13:05:00 来源：论文天下论文网- 管理合同，作为酒店管理集团对外扩张的四种模式之一，早在改革开放的初期，就进入了中国，30年来，随着国内业主逐步全面把握酒店管理知识和专业信息，使得谈判中业主得到了更多的话语权。但坦率而言，业主在管理合同的谈判立场中还存在不少值得商榷的地方，业主到底需要的是一种什么样的管理合同，既能够尊重管理合同既有的商业模式，又能够兼顾业主作为资产所有权人，对酒店资产实现运营上的安全保证和效率要求。 酒店业主在管理合同谈判中的误区 首先，将管理合同文本的文字谈判等同于管理合同谈判，我们首先应当明确的是:管理合同是一种非股权式的酒店经营模式，它主要包含了委托民事法律关系在内的一系列契约安排。管理合同的这种模式，最早由希尔顿酒店集团在上世纪60年代引入，从利益共享的长期租赁合同中逐渐演变过来，管理合同与管理合同文本是有区别的，后者只是体现这一民事权利义务的法律文件。 其次，就合同文字谈合同。管理合同诞生于英美法系的商业环境中，很多条款的表达方式及语气异于国内合同，如果我们只关注了合同文本，忽略了这种契约制度本身的实质性含义，在谈判中，就会出现就文字而文字，就条款而条款的谈判方式，甚至纠缠于合同语气上，并更多比照国内承包经营合同和单纯的委托合同，且偏向于争夺管理权限的条款。 这些不但无助于业主获得合同利益，也与管理合同的契约精神相背离。管理合同的契约模式，决定了在管理合同的风险安排上，业主与管理公司的合同诉求不尽相同，但在酒店经营目标和经营成本的控制方面，业主与管理公司的诉求基本上是一致的，因此，业主作为酒店资产的所有权人，从资产运营的安全与效率方面，获取管理合同的合同利益，不但符合业主的最大利益，也符合管理合同的契约模式，为管理公司所普遍接受。 其实，当业主获得一块土地资产时，管理合同对于业主，其本质上的意义只是业主确立资产管理的一个工具。所以，我们确立了业主从资产运营的安全和效率角度，去关注管理合同中的一些关键条款，在管理合同的契约特点中，去构筑并合理表达业主的合同诉求，比我们单纯地去计较文字要重要得多。 结合过往经验，业主需注意这样的一些条款安排建议:管理公司的绵约相对人(业主)酒店资产(含土地)的合法所有权人。在过往的谈判中，关于谁作为管理合同中管理公司的缔约相对人，有多种不同的理解。事实上，需要明确的一点是，管理公司锁定的缔约对象，只是酒店物业资产含土地的合法所有权人，这会涉及到酒店管理权的委托来源的合法性和正当性。因此，这样的一些条款，是需要业主正确理解的: (1)管理合同会强调业主在签约时以及在合同期内，对土地及酒店物业资产所有权的承诺(约定的业主转让，所产生的物权流转除外)，并且，如果酒店在签约时处于未建或在建状态，管理公司还会关注整个酒店物业的建设投资是否有一个合理满意的融资方案。基于此，管理合同所需要业主自行承担的费用就有:持有物业相关的税赋、为物业资产购买财产类保险、预提设施设备准备金、各项资本性支出等等，而这些附随产生的各项税费，在管理合同的框架中，是不进入经营性支出的，这也是管理合同这种契约模式的特点之一。 (2)业主出让自己的股份或实际控制权，以及业主出让酒店物业资产所受到的合理限制。这里所涉及到的关键问题是，与管理公司产生合同关系的相对人发生变化，导致管理公司对未来的管理权稳定产生顾虑。因此，需要在管理合同中加以约定，业主在考量这些条款时，应当对未来的公司发展战略有一个预期，同时，着重审核管理合同中对业主转让条款的条件，是否与这样的预期相抵触，并在管理合同中叙明。 酒店品牌的甄选影响投资规模的重要因素拟投资酒店的区域市场，在管理合同期限内，是否可以支撑一个拟选品牌的酒店，这永远是需要业主首先解决的问题。国际性的酒店管理集团，其核心商业诉求在于:酒店产品的市场份额最大化所带来丰厚的管理酬金，从而实现连锁品牌的价值和集团利益的提升，因此，品牌和系统标准，是这些管理公司得以生存的核心价值，这在管理合同谈判中会涉及到这样的条款: (1)业主会被要求对“品牌标准”(也称“系统标准”)的遵守义务。基于此，“技术服务协助服务协议”，这是国外管理公司通常需要业主强制性购买的技术协助服务，其目的在于敦促业主遵守品牌标准。这里面业主要考虑的重大因素有:①“品牌/系统标准”，与业主建造成本密切相关联，它们与业主投资成本的预算要匹配。②技术协助服务所遵循的“品牌/系统标准”需要稳定和持续，避免业主投资与该等标准不一致导致的重置损失。③技术协助服务的重要节点的确立，技术服务团队的服务方式，要满足业主所聘请的各设计师、建筑师、装修师、景观师等等的要求。 (2)设施设备准备剑通常称为“FF&E)的提取与使用。在一定程度上，FF&E的提取和使用，也是为“品牌/系统标准”的维护而服务的，需要充分地了解这个条款，这就是我们在获得了品牌给物业带来溢价的同时，需要考量的物业标准的维持成本问题。[来 业主的控制是风险而不是管理权 管理合同时间跨度长，一般是在15到25年之间，个别高端奢侈品牌的管理期限会在30年左右。管理合同尽管法律关系复杂，但主合同以酒店经营管理权的全部委托为主要法律关系。所以，巨额的酒店资产长期交由管理公司，作为资产的所有权人，业主的顾虑和担忧是理所当然的。有些业主认为:通过更加深入和广泛地去控制酒店管理(比如审核各项制度和开支等等)，来实现对酒店的控制，我们认为，这样的观点值得商榷，事实上，业主作为资产所有权人，而不是酒店管理者，在管理合同中去考虑这样的制度才是合适的。 (1)协助国际品牌酒店的本土化，协调酒店在当地建立良好的公共关系，业主应当根据自身的要求，考虑业主代表的派出方式业主代表的派驻制度有两个因素是需要考虑的:一是任职的专业资格，二是权利边界的划分; (2)尽管有业主代表，建立管理公司与业主间的惯常联席沟通机制和临时联席的沟通机制; (3)协商认可管理公司的业务计划，约定业务计划的内容和提交时间，并适时引入专家仲裁机制;(引资金支付的合理监管制度，这个制度度在管理合同中的设计，是否涉及到控制管理权，业主的立意是重要的，对于酒店资金的支付，项目和种类相当繁杂，因此，我们赞成的是一种合理的监管体制，而不是去束缚管理公司经营酒店，更不是为日常的经营管理去设置不必要的障碍。 经营业绩评价体制利益的期待 显然，任何一个业主均不希望酒店业绩长期亏损，这是业主谋求订立管理合同以获得国际管理集团先进的管理理念和技术，以及集团服务的本意和目的，然而，任何一个管理公司均不会也不可能向业主承诺酒店业绩的回报，因为，酒店业绩并不取决于管理公司，而是取决于未来的市场，而这个市场又是敏感而脆弱的。怎样在管理合同里面去充分解决业主的关切，同时，又可以让管理公司无需去承担本不是自己责任的义务呢， 问题的焦点不在“业绩不好，谁承担责任上”，而是，合同退出合理终止机制。有两个内容需要业主在管理合同中去关注: (1)应当注意到，管理公司所收取的管理费有两个部分，一是基本管理费，二是奖励管理费，那么，让奖励管理费更加体现出它的合同设置本意，它应当与酒店经营毛利的高低更加紧密地挂钩; (2)酒店的经营业绩主要取决于市场，但是，除了市场的因素，就管理合同的权利义务而言，管理公司在获得酒店经营管理权之后，理应对酒店业绩承担起管理的责任，这个责任主要体现在业绩的测评上面。建立一个科学、合理的测评机制，同时，又可以引入一个合同的退出机制，这对于业主是至关重要的。 综上所述，管理合同这种诞生于英美法系环境下的契约模式，更多的权利义务约定来源于酒店经营的商业惯例，加上以英文为母语的表达方式，使得大多数国内业主对管理合同的认识有限，怎样理解管理合同的精髓，从而准确地确立业主在管理合同中的合同利益，在这个通常长达20年以上的合同中，至关重要。题目是什么，哪个方面的？你 是要那方面的啊 ~`
英文 文献 论文 去哪里 酒店
