考研英语短文写作命题规律分析在研究生英语入学考试中，英语写作历来是考生的一个难点。英语写作主要考查考生运用英语的综合能力，其中包括用英语组织篇章段落的能力、英语的语句表达能力以及语法的综合运用能力。要做好写作部分的试题，要求考生不仅具有较扎实的语言基础，而且还要掌握一些写作的基本技能，如：信息的分析和综合能力以及丰富的想像力。英文写作是一个最能体现考生书面英语水平和技能的测试项目。一、写作B部分命题的基本指导思想考试大纲对写作的评价目标根据《大纲》规定：考生应根据题目以及写作提纲或规定的情境、图表、图画等写出大约200个词的短文。具体要求概括如下：（1）内容切题，包含提纲或图画的全部要点和信息。所谓内容切题是指所写的短文切合题意，即正确理解题目的意思。误解题目或曲解题意，写出来的短文答非所问就是跑题。另外，也要注意不漏掉提纲或图画中的要点和信息，如果提纲中给出了三个要点，考生却只写了两个要点，显然从内容上就不切题了。因此，审题是短文写作成败的关键。考生一定要认真阅读写作要求，仔细琢磨题意，弄清题目以及写作提纲或规定情境、图表的内容范围，依此表达题目限定的中心思想，做到内容切题。（2）表达清楚，意思连贯。表达清楚是指清楚地表达思想，而不是含糊其考研辅导班辞，使人不得要领。在写作过程中，考生应思路清晰，运用恰当的语句表达意思。此外，还要根据题目要求，围绕中心提出论点，摆出论据，使短文层次分明，合乎逻辑。意思连贯是指句子与句子、段落与段落之间衔接自然，整体性强。考生应熟练运用连接词语来正确表达一个观点与另一观点之间的关系。（3）用词正确，句式有变化，语言比较规范。语言比较规范是指在遣词造句中应符合英语语法和习惯用法。首先在词语运用上能够选用恰当的、能够准确表达意义的词，并能显示出一定的词汇量(用词面较宽)；其次，写出的句子符合语法规范，没有重大语法错误，句式上多变，不要只用简单句或陈述句，应适当增加句子形式的多样性，不仅有短句，也有长句，不仅有简单句，也有并列句、复合句等等。（4）文章的长度符合要求。长度是指短文的字数。符合要求的字数应是160至200个词左右。现将大纲对写作部分的评分标准摘录如下：（1）20～17分。内容切题，包括题中所列三个方面的内容；清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。（2）16～13分。内容切题，包括题中所列三个方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误；文章长度符合要求。（3）12～9分。内容切题，基本包含题中所列三个方面的内容；基本清楚地表达其内涵，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。（4）8～5分。内容基本切题，基本包含题中所列三个方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。（5）4～1分。基本按照要求写作，但只有少数句子可以教育学考研辅 导理解。（6）0分。文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。二、写作B部分材料的选择（一）选择材料的特点纵观历年试卷，写作的题目多集中在社会伦理、人生哲理、学校教育、人际关系交往、娱乐方式、健康和生活方式等方面。最近几年的命题多与当前的社会现实和热点问题有关，要求考生对社会现象和社会的经济、文化生活有所关注和思考，并形成自己的见解。从命题内容来看，其材料特点有：1 教育性：论题有警示作用的，可让考生作深层思考。比如，有关人生哲理的2008年 “合作的重要性”，2007年的“乐观心态是成功的关键”，2004年的“终点又是新的起点”。3 A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor Education knows no bounds It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning 03 The Definition of “Price” Prices determine how resources are to be used The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services 04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing 09 Suburbanization If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries 11 Archaeology Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of humanbehavior This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex, but one factor is a consideration everywhere - space Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day The heat loss (or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within 16 In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France France sought total domination of Europe 17 In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuliModern American Universities Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study, Mrs In today's social environment that is generally in pursuit of fame and fortune, graduates' values and outlook on life are inevitably affected The number of people selected by this option accounts for 38%; the second is the size of this person’s contribution to society Once again, money, rights, and life are comfortable From this, it can be seen that current graduate students have rarely used personality as a measure of a person
Graduate students themselves should be more exposed to society, but in the face of social thoughts and trends, they must face and treat them rationally, objectively, and correctly, and at the same time they must be able to learn from the strengths and strengths of others and make up for their weaknesses
Many graduate students have more or less problems with responsibility, and a small part of them even lack a sense of responsibility The starting point of all behaviors is to maximize profits, which may cause the lack of sense of responsibility of graduate students and adversely affect society" As has been the professional very interested, whichgave me a great driving force, in order to meet the strong desire for knowledge and better study, I chose to read a graduate student "The ideal is the beacon, without ideal,there is no secure direction, without direction, there is no life " for this reason I made apreliminary plan, what are the shortcomings, hope the teacherto give advice In order to better and faster to adapt to life as a graduate student, devoted to scientific research andstudy, I will as soon as possible to adjust, arrange their ownlearning and living habits The times of college students is to try to create their own to accept anything but at the masters and doctoral students are no longer for a variety of novel class accept according to the order, but to pay attention to the problems oforientation arrangement, focus all your energy, all courses andread the book should be a concern, must there is a problem oriented learning, and have their own point of view The graduate three years life quickly, the key is my life Second semester: access to research, to determine the appropriate topic, familiar with the experiment, learningcourses have a profound understanding of the research topic,and then determine the research topic Then is formulated in accordance with thecomprehensive plan to start research A preliminary to write a paper, write the paperas a goal, continue to improve, continue to progress,constantly improve Fifth semester: the final experimentsupplement, published research papers by the two semester ofin-depth study and exploration of the subject, has been very familiar with understanding, then a comprehensive inspection,on the experimental analysis, and further improve, targetedresearch; know well to the research field of books, the formation of the tree of the knowledge of their own;interdisciplinary learning, learn to other areas of uptake ofsome concepts, produce a different kind of inspiration for itselfconcerns, expand their knowledge, their thinking is more active,write papers more sensation; the sixth semester: write a thesis defense began to write research papers, one must first understand the format according to the test requirements, draw up an outline, and then step by stepTo draft, note paper creatively, stay time, delicate thoughts!Thesis writing and knowledge deposition process, the respondent and the explanation of knowledge, declarative,
翻译；爱因斯坦说:“爱是最好的老师。“由于一直对这个专业很感兴趣，这给了我很大的动力，为了满足对知识和更好学习的强烈渴望，我选择了读研究生。在研究生阶段我会努力学习，用心学习，多读文学，为博士学位打下基础。“理想是灯塔，没有理想，就没有安全的方向，没有方向，就没有生命。“三年的研究生学习时间对人类生活的发展有很大的影响。“为此，我制定了一个初步的计划，有什么缺点，希望老师能给出建议。对研究生和大学的深刻理解是不同的，无论是在生活上还是在学习上都会有很大的变化和不适。为了更好更快地适应研究生的生活，致力于科学研究和学习，我会尽快调整、安排自己的学习和生活习惯。通过接受知识创造新知识，是研究生最大的特点。时代的大学生是要努力创造自己接受的任何东西，但在硕士生和博士生中却不再是按顺序接受各种新奇的课程，而是要注意问题的定向安排，集中全部精力，所有课程和书籍都要有所关注，必须有问题导向的学习，并有自己的观点。尽快从被动接受者变成主动探索者，并学会在学术领域游泳。毕业三年的生活很快，关键是我的生活。
本回答被网友采纳To start to work immediately or go on study in a postgraduate programme ?That is the question facing us graduates,who upon graduation,feel puzzled at a crossroad in our lifeClearly,this is a challenging question:different people may hold radically different ideas To my thinking,four years in college only lay more or less a solid foundation,and the development of experitise is yet to take placeAnyone who wants to excel in his field must be a specialist which requires tremendously sophisticated knowldge.本回答被提问者采纳
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